Fort Dearborn
Located in Rye New Hampshire the first military installations were built during WW1 which included a fire control station 1917 and searchlights 1920. Fort Dearborn was built as a WW2 fortification for the Harbor Defenses of Portsmouth. No other existing Endicott fort could meet the new defense needs (Fort Foster had room for one battery). So, it was decided in 1942 that the land between Odiorne's Point and Frost Point would become the newest addition to Portsmouth defenses. In order to get this land, they would need to remove the current residents and dwellings. In 1942 the residents were given thirty days to pack their belongings and go elsewhere giving the government took the first 200 acres of the reservation in 1943 (The second parcel was acquired later that year bringing the property to about 264 acres). The reservation was officially named Fort Dearborn in 1943 for Henry Dearborn. During this time Route 1 was closed to the public from Wallis Sands until the bridge after the fort until 1946. The first battery of four 155mm guns was built in 1942 while the others were under construction. All WW2 Post structures were demolished after the war aside from the TNT Building and a couple remaining summer houses. The section of the reservation with Battery 204 was designated Location 143 and the section with Battery 103 and the Gun-Group Command Post was designated Location 144.
- Fort Dearborn
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Fort Dearborn Layout -
Fort Dearborn Plan -
Seacoast Science Center -
Fort Dearborn FCT Pulpit Rock -
Another FCT For Fort Dearborn
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Pre War Stone Walls -
Sewer Pump -
Founders Monument 1899 -
Summer Cottage Lot -
Training at the fort during WWII*
Battery 155 Odiorne Point
Built in 1942 as a temporary battery of 155mm guns it was only used for the initial construction of the main batteries. Four magazines and a battery commanders' station were built behind the emplacements and removed when the main batteries were finished in 1944. Today all that remains is the Panama mounts for the guns although one is buried in brush and not visible.
- Battery 155 Odiornes Point
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Emplacement One -
Emplacement Two -
Emplacement Three Approach -
Emplacement Three -
Emplacement Four Locale -
Battery 155 Plan
Battery 204
Construction started in 1943 on this six-inch battery located at Odiorne's Point behind the 155mm battery. Two shielded barbette guns were located on either side of a magazine structure covered with earth. The battery was accepted for service in 1944 and had a battery commanders station built on top and accessed via a ladder from the magazines. The proposed name for this battery was to be Battery M. H. Barry but it was not formally named. This Battery is listed Battery #1 on defense charts. Around the structure were various Anti-Aircraft guns and .40 cal Machine Guns. The battery remained active until 1948 when the guns were scrapped. After the war the Air Force had two radar towers on the battery which remained active until the 1970s. Today it is closed due to asbestos and an endangered bat species who is living in the battery.
- Battery 204
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Battery 204 Plan -
Battery 204 RCW -
Central entrance -
Buried muffler and air exhaust -
Emplacement #1 entrance with 16 inch shells -
Emplacement #1 -
Emplacement #2 entrance -
Emplacement #2 -
BC station in the brush -
BC station -
Air intake -
Battery Commanders Station 1970s* -
Battery 204 1960s*
Battery 103/Seamen
Construction on this casemented 16-inch battery began in 1942 and was completed by 1944. It is located at Frost Point and was the largest guns to defend Portsmouth. The battery construction number was 103 but it was renamed to honor Colonel Claudius M. Seamen. The 25-mile range of the guns meant that Fire Control Towers needed to be used. This Battery was designated Battery #2 on defense charts. They were located all the way from Halibut Point Massachusetts to Great Hill in Maine. It was painted to blend in with the surrounding environment and remnant of the paint can be seen today. Similar to Battery 204 the Battery commanders' station was built atop the battery and was a side-by-side station for the Gun Group G1. A concrete Gun Group 1 building is located behind the battery. Due to the shock from the firing of these guns' larger caliber batteries like this one were designed to have the plotting room a separate reinforced concrete casement covered with earth. Like battery 204 Anti-Aircraft and Machine guns were located around the battery. Shields were added to the guns in 1946. During the only test firing of the gun in 1944 the shock from the gun damaged many windows of houses nearby but most notably of the Wentworth Hotel in New Castle. After the test firing the battery was but into caretaker status. In 1948 the guns were scrapped, and the battery was deactivated.
- Battery 103/Seamen
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Battery 103 Plan -
Field of Fire -
Gun with caretakers 1947 -
Battery Seamen gun during WWII* -
Gun #1 test firing 1944* -
Gun #1 Firing 1944* -
Emplacement #1 -
Camouflage Paint -
Emaplcement #1 -
Magazine entrance -
Motor generator room -
Emplacement #1 entrance -
Central entrance -
Combined BC and G-1 station -
Entrance -
Gun Group 1 (G1 OP) -
Battery Commanders (BC) Station -
Emplacement #2 -
Motor generator room -
Emplacement #2 rear entrance
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Other Structures
PSR Battery 103
The Battery 103 PSR or Plotting, Switchboard and Radio room was built in 1943. Its purpose was to provide gun operators with range data to take an effective shot at enemy vessels. This was done using a series of Fire Control/Base-End Stations that would have instruments for getting the locations of enemy ships. Once two different towers spot the enemy ship in question, the plotting room marks the ranges on a plotting board which triangulates the location of the vessel. Once that is complete the data is sent to the gun operators. Tide and weather conditions were also factored in to ensure the most accurate shot possible. This plotting room had 12 rooms and was air conditioned and gas proofed. It was deactivated in 1947.
Gun Group 1 Command Post
The Gun Group 1 Command Post (G-1 CP) was completed in 1943. It served as a command-and-control position for the six-inch batteries of Portsmouth Harbor (Battery 204 and Battery 205). It was operated by officers who would work with gun crews and the HECP to determine the best course of action when dealing with firing the guns. This command post was complimented with a Gun Group 1 Observation Post (G-1 OP) on top of Battery 103. Communication between the observation post and command post would be via EE-91 telephone. This station was deactivated around 1947 when the six-inch batteries were deactivated.
Reservoir
TNT Storage Magazine
Present Status
In 1946 the coastal highway reopened and a group of 101 men would operate Battery 204 until 1948. All guns were removed from the Fort and Pulpit Rock MR in 1948. All personnel left the fort, and it was declared surplus in 1949. The original landowners from pre-war would never get their original property back. The air force used the property until 1968 and Battery 204 was a civil defense shelter until the air force left. From 1971-76 most of the buildings remaining at the fort were razed. The gun batteries were filled in 1980 with gravel to prevent access. The reservation officially became a state park in 1962 and a summer cottage was converted to the Seacoast Science Center in 1992. All the battery entrances were uncovered in 1988 except for the plotting room and ventilation on Battery 204. The park today is 331 acres, and you can walk around all the former military batteries. The breakwater at Frost point seen today was built in 1902 by the Corps of Engineers. Battery 204 has some painted 16-inch shells from Battery Seamen out on display. One was recently sent to the Halibut Point Fire Control Tower for their display. The magazines of the two batteries are closed (currently) for a bat habitat. Admission to the park is charged at the main gate.
SOURCES and REFERENCES:
J.P. Wysong's The World, Portsmouth and the 22nd Coast Artillery (Many images used from the book)
*Seacoast Science Center